Test JWT security

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JWTop provides two complementary tools for JWT security testing: jwtop crack probes a live server automatically, while jwtop exploit generates modified tokens for manual inspection or targeted tests.

Automated server scan

jwtop crack sends a probe for each known exploit technique and reports which ones the server accepts.

jwtop crack $TOKEN --url https://api.example.com/protected

Sample output:

[+] algnone (none)              200  VULNERABLE
[ ] algnone (NONE)              401
[ ] algnone (None)              401
[ ] algnone (nOnE)              401
[ ] blanksecret                 401
[ ] nullsig                     401
[-] hmacconfusion               skipped (no public key provided)
[-] psychicsig                  skipped (ECDSA-only exploit)
[ ] kidinjection (sql)          401
[ ] kidinjection (path)         401
[-] secret                      skipped (not found in dictionary)

A [+] line means the server accepted the exploit. Exit code 0 means at least one exploit succeeded; 1 means none did.

Include a public key to enable the hmacconfusion probe:

jwtop crack $TOKEN --url https://api.example.com/protected \
  --key /path/to/public.pem

jwtop crack $TOKEN --url https://api.example.com/protected \
  --key https://example.com/public.pem

Add a custom secret wordlist:

jwtop crack $TOKEN --url https://api.example.com/protected \
  --wordlist /path/to/secrets.txt

Target expects the JWT somewhere other than the Authorization header:

# Cookie
jwtop crack $TOKEN --url https://api.example.com/protected --token-in cookie --token-name session

# Query parameter
jwtop crack $TOKEN --url https://api.example.com/protected --token-in query --token-name access_token

# Form-encoded POST body
jwtop crack $TOKEN --url https://api.example.com/protected --token-in body --token-name jwt

See the crack reference for all --token-in options.

Manual exploit tokens

Use jwtop exploit when you need a specific modified token for a targeted test, a report, or a case where the server requires a non-standard request format.

alg=none bypass:

# Single variant
jwtop exploit algnone $TOKEN

# All four capitalisation variants (one per line)
jwtop exploit algnone --all $TOKEN

Blank HMAC secret:

jwtop exploit blanksecret $TOKEN

Null signature (alg unchanged):

jwtop exploit nullsig $TOKEN

HMAC confusion (public key as secret):

jwtop exploit hmacconfusion $TOKEN --key /path/to/public.pem
jwtop exploit hmacconfusion $TOKEN --key https://example.com/public.pem

Psychic signature (all-zero ECDSA signature, CVE-2022-21449):

jwtop exploit psychicsig $TOKEN

kid header injection:

# SQL injection variant
jwtop exploit kidinjection --mode sql $TOKEN

# Path traversal variant
jwtop exploit kidinjection --mode path $TOKEN

Brute-force HMAC secret:

jwtop exploit weaksecret $TOKEN
jwtop exploit weaksecret $TOKEN --wordlist /path/to/secrets.txt

Using exploit tokens in scripts

Capture the output and send it as a Bearer token:

EXPLOITED=$(jwtop exploit algnone $TOKEN)
curl -si -H "Authorization: Bearer $EXPLOITED" https://api.example.com/protected \
  | head -1

In GitHub Actions

Run a vulnerability scan automatically on every pull request:

cerberauth/jwtop-action
CLI

name: JWT security scan
on:
  pull_request:

jobs:
  scan:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: cerberauth/jwtop-action@v1
        with:
          args: crack ${{ secrets.TEST_TOKEN }} --url ${{ vars.API_URL }}/protected

name: JWT security scan
on:
  pull_request:

jobs:
  scan:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Install jwtop
        run: go install github.com/cerberauth/jwtop@latest

      - name: Scan JWT vulnerabilities
        run: |
          if jwtop crack "$TOKEN" --url "$API_URL/protected"; then
            echo "::error::JWT vulnerability detected"
            exit 1
          fi
        env:
          TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TEST_TOKEN }}
          API_URL: ${{ vars.API_URL }}

GitHub Actions guide Full reference for using jwtop in CI/CD.